Object Pronouns
In English, the words "he" and "I" can be used as subjects (the ones doing the action in a sentence), and they change to "him" and "me" when they are objects (the ones the action is applied to). For example, we say "He likes me" and "I like him." "Me," "him", "her," etc. are called object pronouns.
Objects pronouns can either be direct or indirect. The direct object is the thing or person that is directly receiving the action. For example, "him" is the direct object in "she likes him." The indirect object is the receiver of the direct object. For example, "him" is the indirect object in "she writes him a book."
In English, object pronouns are the same for both direct and indirect objects, but in Spanish they can change.
The object pronouns in Spanish are:
| Subject Pronoun | Direct Object Pronoun | Indirect Object Pronoun |
|---|---|---|
| yo | me (me/to me) | |
| tú | te (you/to you) | |
| él usted (masc) | lo (him, it; you) | le (to him/her/it/you) |
| ella usted (fem) | la (her, it; you) | |
| nosotros/nosotras | nos (us/to us) | |
| vosotros/vosotras | os (you/to you) | |
| ellos ustedes (masc) | los (them; you) | les (to them/you) |
| ellas ustedes (fem) | las (them; you) | |
Unlike in English where object pronouns go after the verb ("I see him"), Spanish object pronouns are generally placed directly before the verb. Below are some examples:
| English | Spanish |
|---|---|
| You write me a book | Me escribes un libro |
| I see you from my house | Te veo desde mi casa |
| I see him | Yo lo veo |
| I see her | Yo la veo |
| She writes a book to him | Ella le escribe un libro a él |
| He sees us | Él nos ve |
| I see them | Yo los veo a ellos/Yo las veo a ellas |
| I write them a book | Yo les escribo un libro a ellos/ellas |
Further clarification about who the sentence is talking about can always be added. For example, "I see him" can be translated as "Yo lo veo" and "Yo lo veo a él." Sometimes this clarification is necessary in order to remove ambiguity, while other times it is simply redundant. For example, "Yo los veo" is ambiguous because it could mean "I see them" or "I see you guys," so unless it is clear from context you would say "Yo los veo a ellos" or "Yo los veo a ustedes." However, "él nos ve" and "él nos ve a nosotros" mean exactly the same thing, since there is no ambiguity with "nos."
El me busca : he searches for me / he looks for me
Ella te ayuda : she helps you
Jose no le habla a ella : jose doesn't speak to her
Usted me conoce? : do you know me
Le digo : I am telling you
Ella le lee un diario a usted : she reads you a newspaper
Ella les cocina a ustedes : she cooks for you
Ella y yo nos queremos : she and i love each other
Nos comemos una naranja : we eat an orange
Nos quedamos : we stayed
Nos vemos : we see ourselves
Yo les leo un libro : i read them a book
Es lo mismo : it is the same thing
Yo la conozco : i know her
La tengo / Lo tengo : i have it
Mis padres no la quieren : my parents don't love her
No lo necesito : i do not neet it
El la quiere a ella : he wants her
Tu tambien la quieres a ella? : do you also love her
El los quiere a ellos : he loves them
Yo las respecto a ellas : i respect them
El las visita a ellas : he visits them
Los oigo a ellos : i hear them
A ellos los quiero mucho : i love them a lot
El hombre se come una manzana : the man eats an apple 굳이 se를 쓰는 이유?
Ella no se quiere : she doesn't like herself
Yo la quiero mucho a ella / La quiero mucho : i love her a lot
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